ʻO nā amino acids he mea koʻikoʻi, akā naʻe maʻamau o ka protein, a loaʻa iā lākou kahi pūʻulu amino a me kahi hui carboxylic.He koʻikoʻi ko lākou i ke kaʻina hana hōʻike gene, kahi e hoʻoponopono ai i nā hana protein e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka unuhi ʻana o ka messenger RNA (mRNA) (Scot et al., 2006).
Aia ma kahi o 700 mau ʻano amino acids i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano.Aneane pau loa ia mau mea he α-amino acids.Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma:
• bacteria
• nā haʻu
• limu
• mea kanu.
ʻO nā waikawa amino nā mea nui o nā peptides a me nā protein.He iwakālua mau ʻakika amino koʻikoʻi no ke ola no ka mea aia nā peptides a me nā protein a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia nā poloka kūkulu no nā mea ola a pau ma ka honua.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka synthesis protein.Hoʻomalu ʻia nā amino acid e nā genetics.Loaʻa kekahi mau amino acid i loko o nā hua kanu.
ʻO nā amino acid ka hopena o ka hydrolysis protein.I loko o nā kenekulia, ua ʻike ʻia nā amino acids ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano o nā chemists a me nā biochemists o ka naʻauao kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa nā mākau nui loa a me ka hoʻomanawanui a me nā mea hou a me ka noʻonoʻo i kā lākou hana.
He mau makahiki kahiko ka kemika protein, me kekahi mau kaukani makahiki aku nei.ʻO nā kaʻina hana a me nā noi ʻenehana e like me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke kāpili, ka hana ʻana i ka tiiki a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka amonia ma o ka kānana ʻana i ka lepo, i hana ʻia i nā kenekulia i hala.Ke neʻe nei i mua i ka manawa a hiki i 1820, ua hoʻomākaukau pololei ʻo Braconnot i ka glycine mai ka gelatin.Ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻo ia e wehe i ka hana ʻana o nā protein e like me ka starch a i ʻole i hana ʻia me ka waikawa a me ke kō.
ʻOiai ua lohi ka holomua i kēlā manawa, ua loaʻa iā ia ka wikiwiki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka protein a hiki i kēia lā.Akā ua hala nā makahiki he nui mai ka wā i hoʻomaka mua ai ʻo Braconnot i kēlā mau ʻike.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea e ʻike ʻia ma ka nānā ʻana i nā waikawa amino a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waikawa amino hou.ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka protein a me nā waikawa amino kemika ke waiho nei i ka biochemistry.Ke hoʻokō ʻia kēlā-akā a hiki i ia manawa e māʻona ai ko mākou ʻike no nā waikawa amino a me nā protein.ʻAʻole naʻe e hiki koke mai kēlā lā.Hoʻohui kēia i ka mea pohihihi, paʻakikī a me ka waiwai ʻepekema ikaika o nā waikawa amino.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-19-2021
